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Version: 1.16.0

Application Bursting

Overview​

When an application's resource demand surpasses what is available in its private cloud or on-premises data center where it runs, it can burst its resource capacity dynamically by using resources from a public cloud. This concept is called Application Bursting.

Private data centers have a fixed number of nodes on which an application is deployed. If the application runs out of resources, the private cloud may extend to include resources from clusters in the public cloud. This application bursting provides additional capacity for uninterrupted service to the users of an application.

Enable Application Bursting on your Cluster​

Select a public cloud provider that aligns with your requirements and preferences where DC bursts into the cloud for high-demand usage on reaching the resource capacity limit. Choosing where to place burstable clusters involves carefully considering various factors to align with your organization's goals, application requirements, and user needs. Here are some key considerations:

  • If minimizing latency is crucial for your applications, placing burstable clusters close to the on-premises data center can be beneficial. Low latency improves network connectivity and ensures fast communication between the on-premises infrastructure and the burstable resources.

  • Consider the geographic distribution of your end-users. Placing burstable clusters at strategic locations around the globe can reduce latency for users in different regions. This approach creates a global footprint and improves user experience.

Choose what is most appropriate for your application(s) and create the cluster in the locations of your choice.

Application Bursting through KubeSlice​

KubeSlice simplifies the complicated issues of running multi-cluster applications at scale by introducing the concept of a Slice. This Slice establishes a virtual cluster that serves as a logical application boundary across a fleet of clusters. This abstraction allows pods and services to connect effortlessly. The Slice spans geographical boundaries, allowing applications to deploy on any cluster, cloud, edge, or K8s distribution.

Example​

To enable application bursting through KubeSlice, we will install the KubeSlice Controller on the data center cluster and KubeSlice Worker on the data center and cloud clusters. Join the KubeSlice Workers to the KubeSlice controller installed on the data center cluster, and extend the slices to those cloud clusters. To know more, see Install KubeSlice.

The apps installed on the data center cluster can burst into cloud clusters for additional capacity being a part of the slice.

The following figure illustrates the application installed in the private cluster burst to the cloud cluster to get the additional capacity through KubeSlice, the Red slice connects the data center and cloud clusters.

applicationbursting

Application Bursting Demo​

Let us install the KubeSlice controller, register worker clusters, create a slice and connect worker clusters to the slice. On the worker clusters, let us deploy the Boutique application microservices on a worker cluster to configure application bursting.

The Boutique application from the backend cluster gets burst into the Azure cloud clusters as illustrated in the following figure.

application-bursting

To configure application bursting:

  1. You must clone the examples repo as it contains all the required configuration files in the examples/burst-demo directory.

    Use the following command to clone the examples repo:

    git clone https://github.com/kubeslice/examples.git

    After cloning the repo, use the files from the examples/burst-demo directory.

    The following tree structure describes all the folders and files of the examples/burst-demo directory.

    ├── boutique-app-manifests           # Contains the Boutique application's frontend and backend services 
    │   ├── backend-services             # Contains the Backend microservices 
    │   │   ├── adService.yaml
    │   │   ├── currencyService.yaml
    │   │   ├── emailService.yaml
    │   │   └── paymentService.yaml
    │   └── frontend-services             # Contains the Frontend microservices 
    │       ├── frontendServices.yaml
    │       ├── productcatalogService.yaml
    │       ├── recommendationService.yaml
    │       └── shippingService.yaml
    ├── boutique-slice-config               # Contains the boutique-slice YAML configuration     
    │   └── boutique-slice.yaml
    ├── kubeslice-cli-topology-template     # Contains the topology template for installing the KubeSlice Controller and register two worker clusters
    │   └── kubeslice-cli-topology-template.yaml
    └── serviceexports                      # Contains the service export YAML files for backend and frontend microservices
        ├── backend
        │   └── backend-service-export.yaml
        └── frontend
            └── frontend-service-export.yaml

  2. You must install the KubeSlice Controller. Identify a controller cluster to install the KubeSlice Controller. Identify two worker clusters, worker-1 and worker-2 with the KubeSlice Controller. Use the following template to install the KubeSlice Controller and register the two worker clusters:

    examples/burst-demo/kubeslice-cli-topology-template/kubeslice-cli-topology-template.yaml

    1. Modify the values as per your requirement. Refer to topology parameters for more details.

      info

      For more information, see kubeslice-cli. Refer to installing the KubeSlice Controller to install the KubeSlice Controller and KubeSlice Manager using YAML.

      note

      KubeSlice Manager simplifies cluster registration and slice operations. To know more, see cluster operations.

    2. Install KubeSlice using the following command:

      kubeslice-cli --config examples/burst-demo/kubeslice-cli-topology-template/kubeslice-cli-topology-template.yaml install

      Running this command installs the KubeSlice Controller and registers worker-1 and worker-2 clusters with it.

    3. (Optional but recommended for registering the worker-3 cluster) To retrieve the endpoint/URL for accessing the KubeSlice Manager:

      1. Run the following command on the KubeSlice Controller:

        kubectl get service kubeslice-ui-proxy -n kubeslice-controller -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}'

      2. The output should display the endpoint/URL in the following format:

        https://<LoadBalancer-IP>

      3. Copy the endpoint/URL from the output and paste into your browser window to access the KubeSlice Manager. alt

      4. You must create a service-account token to log in to the KubeSlice Manager. Create a service-account token using the following command:

        note

        This command works for an admin with admin-ui as the username.

        kubectl get secret kubeslice-rbac-rw-admin-ui -o jsonpath="{.data.token}" -n kubeslice-avesha | base64 --decode

        Running this command returns a secret token. Use this token to log in to the KubeSlice Manager.

  3. Create a slice called boutique-slice with the worker-1 and worker-2 clusters connected to it using the following command:

    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-slice-config/boutique-slice.yaml

    The boutique-slice.yaml file also contains the configuration to create a namespace called boutique, and also onboard it onto the boutique slice. The configuration also enables namespace sameness, which means that the boutique slice will be onboarded onto any worker cluster that is connected to the boutique-slice.

    info

    You can also create a slice called boutique-slice using the KubeSlice Manager. Connect the two worker clusters to that slice. To know more, see slice operations.

    However, you must create a boutique namespace if you use KubeSlice Manager for slice creation. You can easily onboard namespaces using the KubeSlice Manager. To know more, see manage namespaces.

  4. Deploy the backend microservices of the Boutique application on the worker-1 cluster using the following commands:

    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/backend-services/adService.yaml -n boutique
    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/backend-services/currencyService.yaml -n boutique
    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/backend-services/emailService.yaml -n boutique
    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/backend-services/paymentService.yaml -n boutique

    1. Validate the Boutique application pods on the worker-1 cluster using the following command:

      kubectl get pods -n boutique

      Expected Output

      NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
      adservice-6794bd4ff8-ddkmf         2/2     Running   0          87m
      currencyservice-7d87576dbb-ht9m5   2/2     Running   0          86m
      emailservice-67b96c7d9b-528hv      2/2     Running   0          86m
      paymentservice-fbb78f886-p9stb     2/2     Running   0          85m

    2. Create ServiceExport for the backend microservices using the following command:

      kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/serviceexports/backend/backend-service-export.yaml -n boutique

    3. Validate ServiceExport on the worker-1 cluster using the following command:

      kubectl get serviceexport -n boutique

      Expected Output

      NAME               SLICE            INGRESS   PORT(S)     ENDPOINTS   STATUS   ALIAS
      ad-service         boutique-slice             9555/TCP    1           READY
      currency-service   boutique-slice             7000/TCP    1           READY
      email-service      boutique-slice             5000/TCP    1           READY
      payment-service    boutique-slice             50051/TCP   1           READY

    4. Validate ServiceImport on the worker-1 cluster using the following command:

      kubectl get serviceimport -n boutique

      Expected Output

      NAME                     SLICE            PORT(S)     ENDPOINTS   STATUS   ALIAS
      ad-service               boutique-slice   9555/TCP    1           READY
      currency-service         boutique-slice   7000/TCP    1           READY
      email-service            boutique-slice   5000/TCP    1           READY
      payment-service          boutique-slice   50051/TCP   1           READY

  5. Deploy the frontend microservices of the Boutique application on the worker-2 cluster using the following commands:

    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/frontend-services/frontendServices.yaml -n boutique
    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/frontend-services/productcatalogService.yaml -n boutique
    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/frontend-services/recommendationService.yaml -n boutique
    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/frontend-services/shippingService.yaml -n boutique

    1. Validate the Boutique application pods on the worker-2 cluster using the following command:

      kubectl get pods -n boutique

      Expected Output

      NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
      cartservice-6c6b4f5999-6247f             2/2     Running   0          31m
      checkoutservice-978cbf6ff-swcw8          2/2     Running   0          31m
      frontend-6dd467fc7d-2qz69                2/2     Running   0          31m
      productcatalogservice-5965dc7f67-747pd   2/2     Running   0          30m
      recommendationservice-fdf8c6d98-j7s8w    2/2     Running   0          28m
      redis-cart-8454887946-g7fjc              2/2     Running   0          31m
      shippingservice-9dbbbbccf-5mvfc          2/2     Running   0          28m

    2. Create ServiceExport for the frontend microservices using the following command:

      kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/serviceexports/frontend/frontend-service-export.yaml -n boutique

    3. Validate ServiceExport on the worker-2 cluster using the following command:

      kubectl get serviceexport -n boutique

      Expected Output

      NAME                     SLICE            INGRESS   PORT(S)     ENDPOINTS   STATUS   ALIAS
      productcatalog-service   boutique-slice             3550/TCP    1           READY
      recommendation-service   boutique-slice             8080/TCP    1           READY
      shipping-service         boutique-slice             50051/TCP   1           READY

    4. Validate ServiceImport on the worker-2 cluster using the following command:

      kubectl get serviceimport -n boutique

      Expected Output

      NAME                     SLICE            PORT(S)     ENDPOINTS   STATUS   ALIAS
      ad-service               boutique-slice   9555/TCP    1           READY
      currency-service         boutique-slice   7000/TCP    1           READY
      email-service            boutique-slice   5000/TCP    1           READY
      payment-service          boutique-slice   50051/TCP   1           READY
      productcatalog-service   boutique-slice   3550/TCP    1           READY
      recommendation-service   boutique-slice   8080/TCP    1           READY
      shipping-service         boutique-slice   50051/TCP   1           READY

    5. Validate the Boutique services using the following command:

      kubectl get svc -n boutique

      The output for validating the Boutique services varies based on the service type configured on the worker cluster.

      For the LoadBalancer service type, the expected output is as follows.

      NAME                    TYPE           CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)        AGE
      cartservice             ClusterIP      10.7.33.57    <none>          7070/TCP       3m36s
      checkoutservice         ClusterIP      10.7.41.14    <none>          5050/TCP       3m43s
      frontend                ClusterIP      10.7.38.161   <none>          80/TCP         3m41s
      frontend-external       LoadBalancer   10.7.42.20    34.89.159.154   80:32681/TCP   3m41s
      productcatalogservice   ClusterIP      10.7.43.13    <none>          3550/TCP       2m49s
      recommendationservice   ClusterIP      10.7.36.219   <none>          8080/TCP       90s
      redis-cart              ClusterIP      10.7.34.116   <none>          6379/TCP       3m38s
      shippingservice         ClusterIP      10.7.34.20    <none>          50051/TCP      75s

      For the NodePort service type, the expected output is as follows.

      NAME                    TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
      cartservice             ClusterIP   10.0.159.156   <none>        7070/TCP       96m
      checkoutservice         ClusterIP   10.0.33.193    <none>        5050/TCP       97m
      frontend                ClusterIP   10.0.150.237   <none>        80/TCP         97m
      frontend-external       NodePort    10.0.232.250   <none>        80:32701/TCP   97m
      productcatalogservice   ClusterIP   10.0.117.202   <none>        3550/TCP       96m
      recommendationservice   ClusterIP   10.0.230.202   <none>        8080/TCP       95m
      redis-cart              ClusterIP   10.0.178.43    <none>        6379/TCP       96m
      shippingservice         ClusterIP   10.0.65.185    <none>        50051/TCP      95m

    6. Validate the Boutique application based on the following service type:

      • For Nodeport, use http://externalip:nodeport/.

      • For LoadBalancer, use https://<external-ip-of-LoadBalancer>/.

        The seven microservices that comprises the online boutique application you have deployed communicate with each other.

        boutique

  6. Register another worker cluster, worker-3 with the KubeSlice Controller. You can easily register cluster using the KubeSlice Manager. To know more, see cluster operations.

  7. Connect the worker-3 cluster to the boutique-slice. It is very easy and simple to connect the worker-3 cluster to the boutique-slice using the KubeSlice Manager. To know more, see slice operations.

  8. Clone the examples repo for deploying the application and create service export on the worker clusters. Use the following command to clone the examples repo:

    git clone https://github.com/kubeslice/examples.git

    After cloning the repo, deploy the microservices from the examples/burst-demo folder.

  9. The boutique namespace that is onboarded onto the boutique-slice will be part of the worker-3 cluster namespace sameness by setting clusters: - * under namespaceIsolationProfile in the boutique-slice.yaml.

    note

    You can verify this using the KubeSlice Manager. If you had used KubeSlice Manager to create a slice earlier, then you must create a boutique namespace on the worker-3 cluster and onboard it onto the boutique-slice. To know more, see manage namespaces.

  10. On the worker-3 cluster, deploy the Frontend microservices of the Boutique application using the following commands:

    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/frontend-services/frontendServices.yaml -n boutique
    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/frontend-services/productcatalogService.yaml -n boutique
    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/frontend-services/recommendationService.yaml -n boutique
    kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/boutique-app-manifests/frontend-services/shippingService.yaml -n boutique

    1. Validate the Boutique application pods using the following command:

      kubectl get pods -n boutique

      Expected Output

      NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
      cartservice-6c6b4f5999-6247f             2/2     Running   0          31m
      checkoutservice-978cbf6ff-swcw8          2/2     Running   0          31m
      frontend-6dd467fc7d-2qz69                2/2     Running   0          31m
      productcatalogservice-5965dc7f67-747pd   2/2     Running   0          30m
      recommendationservice-fdf8c6d98-j7s8w    2/2     Running   0          28m
      redis-cart-8454887946-g7fjc              2/2     Running   0          31m
      shippingservice-9dbbbbccf-5mvfc          2/2     Running   0          28m

    2. Create ServiceExport for the frontend microservices using the following command:

      kubectl apply -f examples/burst-demo/serviceexports/frontend/frontend-service-export.yaml -n boutique

    3. Validate ServiceExport on the worker-3 cluster using the following command:

      kubectl get serviceexport -n boutique

      Expected Output

      NAME                     SLICE            INGRESS   PORT(S)     ENDPOINTS   STATUS   ALIAS
      productcatalog-service   boutique-slice             3550/TCP    1           READY
      recommendation-service   boutique-slice             8080/TCP    1           READY
      shipping-service         boutique-slice             50051/TCP   1           READY

    4. Validate ServiceImport on the worker-3 cluster using the following command:

      kubectl get serviceimport -n boutique

      Expected Output

      NAME                     SLICE            PORT(S)     ENDPOINTS   STATUS   ALIAS
      ad-service               boutique-slice   9555/TCP    1           READY
      currency-service         boutique-slice   7000/TCP    1           READY
      email-service            boutique-slice   5000/TCP    1           READY
      payment-service          boutique-slice   50051/TCP   1           READY
      productcatalog-service   boutique-slice   3550/TCP    2           READY
      recommendation-service   boutique-slice   8080/TCP    2           READY
      shipping-service         boutique-slice   50051/TCP   2           READY

    5. Validate the Boutique services using the following command:

      kubectl get svc -n boutique

      The output for validating the Boutique services varies based on the service type configured on the worker cluster.

      For the LoadBalancer service type, the expected output is as follows.

      NAME                    TYPE           CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)        AGE
      cartservice             ClusterIP      10.7.33.57    <none>          7070/TCP       3m36s
      checkoutservice         ClusterIP      10.7.41.14    <none>          5050/TCP       3m43s
      frontend                ClusterIP      10.7.38.161   <none>          80/TCP         3m41s
      frontend-external       LoadBalancer   10.7.42.20    34.89.159.154   80:32681/TCP   3m41s
      productcatalogservice   ClusterIP      10.7.43.13    <none>          3550/TCP       2m49s
      recommendationservice   ClusterIP      10.7.36.219   <none>          8080/TCP       90s
      redis-cart              ClusterIP      10.7.34.116   <none>          6379/TCP       3m38s
      shippingservice         ClusterIP      10.7.34.20    <none>          50051/TCP      75s

      For the NodePort service type, the expected output is as follows.

      NAME                    TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
      cartservice             ClusterIP   10.0.159.156   <none>        7070/TCP       96m
      checkoutservice         ClusterIP   10.0.33.193    <none>        5050/TCP       97m
      frontend                ClusterIP   10.0.150.237   <none>        80/TCP         97m
      frontend-external       NodePort    10.0.232.250   <none>        80:32701/TCP   97m
      productcatalogservice   ClusterIP   10.0.117.202   <none>        3550/TCP       96m
      recommendationservice   ClusterIP   10.0.230.202   <none>        8080/TCP       95m
      redis-cart              ClusterIP   10.0.178.43    <none>        6379/TCP       96m
      shippingservice         ClusterIP   10.0.65.185    <none>        50051/TCP      95m

    6. Validate the Boutique application based on the following service type:

      • For Nodeport, use http://externalip:nodeport/.
      • For LoadBalancer, use https://<external-ip-of-LoadBalancer>/.
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